Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.3 million women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2022. Breast cancer has also killed 670,000 people around the world. Women account for approximately 99% of all breast cancer cases, whereas men account for 0.5-1%. Breast cancer is the abnormal proliferation of cells in the breasts. These cells grow inside the milk ducts or lobules that produce breast milk. If left untreated, the tumor can expand throughout the body, potentially fatal. Early detection of breast cancer improves the chances of recovery. As a result, regular exams are essential for early detection of breast cancer.
Which test should be done to detect breast cancer?
Self-identify: While this is not a test, it is recommended that you self-examine for breast lumps or nipple discharge. If you notice a lump in your breast, see a doctor right away.
Mammography: Mammography is an X-ray of the breast that detects abnormal growths or changes in breast tissue. It is used for routine screening, particularly for women over the age of 40 and those at risk of breast cancer. It can detect early breast cancer symptoms such as lumps and microcalcifications.
Breast ultrasound: A breast ultrasound is used to analyze a questionable spot discovered on a mammography. Ultrasound can assist distinguish between a solid mass (which could be malignant) and a fluid-filled cyst (which is typically benign).
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) employs magnets and radio waves to image the breast. It is frequently used to determine the degree of malignancy in women who are at risk for breast cancer (because of family history or genetic factors) or have already been diagnosed. Tumors that mammography or ultrasonography may miss can also be detected with MRI.
Biopsy: A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for cancer cells. If a lump or irregularity is discovered during a MI test, a biopsy is the most reliable approach to establishing whether it is cancerous.
Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Lumps: A new lump in the breast or armpit, or a change in the feel of a lump. Lumps can feel like a ball or nodule and can be soft, rubbery, or hard.
Skin changes: Dimpling, puckering, or thickening of the breast skin, or redness or flakiness in the nipple area. The skin may look like an orange peel.
Nipple changes: A change in the shape or look of the nipple, such as it turning inwards (inverted nipple) or a rash on it.
Nipple discharge: Discharge from the nipple, especially if it's clear or bloody.
Pain: Pain in the breast or armpit that doesn't go away, especially if it's in only one breast.